Which approach effectively addresses climate change impacts?

Implementing mitigation and adaptation strategies is a comprehensive approach to effectively address the impacts of climate change. Mitigation involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing carbon sinks to lessen the severity of climate change's effects. Strategies may include transitioning to renewable energy sources, increasing energy efficiency, promoting sustainable land use practices, and protecting forests.

On the other hand, adaptation focuses on adjusting to the reality of climate change that is already happening and preparing for future impacts. This could involve constructing flood defenses, modifying agricultural practices to suit changing climate conditions, and improving water resource management. By integrating both mitigation and adaptation strategies, societies can not only work to prevent further climate change but also ensure resilience against the changes that are already occurring. This dual approach is necessary because while we strive to lower emissions, some level of climate change is already present, and communities need to adapt accordingly to safeguard their livelihoods and environments.

The other options present narrower or ineffective approaches. Focusing solely on adaptation neglects the crucial role of mitigation, leading to potentially severe consequences. Ignoring scientific research would inhibit informed decision-making and policy development. Restricting public participation in policy-making can stifle innovation and community-driven solutions, which are essential for tackling such a complex and multifaceted issue as climate change.