What drives the efficiency of energy production in a PV system?

The efficiency of energy production in a photovoltaic (PV) system is primarily influenced by the arrangement of the solar cells. This arrangement can directly affect how effectively sunlight is captured and converted into electrical energy. For instance, when solar cells are strategically placed to optimize exposure to sunlight, they can significantly enhance energy absorption throughout the day, taking advantage of the sun's path.

Factors contributing to this efficiency include the angle of the solar panels, their spacing, and the arrangement in relation to potential shade from nearby objects, such as trees or buildings. Moreover, advanced configurations, like using tracking systems that follow the sun's movement, can increase the duration and intensity of sunlight received by the cells.

In contrast, the other options relate to different energy production methods or materials that do not directly influence PV systems. Thus, the correct focus on the arrangement of the cells captures the essence of optimizing energy conversion in photovoltaic technology.