University of Central Florida (UCF) PHY1038 Physics of Energy, Climate Change and Environment Practice Exam 2

Geothermal energy is defined as heat derived from the Earth's interior. This type of energy comes from the natural radioactive decay of minerals and the decay of organic matter, resulting in a significant amount of thermal energy stored beneath the Earth's surface. Geothermal energy can be harnessed for various applications, including electricity generation and direct heating. This source of energy is considered renewable because it continuously regenerates and is sustainable over long periods, unlike fossil fuels or other non-renewable sources.

In contrast, the other options refer to different energy sources. The first option pertains to solar energy, which is harnessed through solar panels that convert sunlight into electricity. The third option relates to wind energy, where kinetic energy from wind is converted into electrical energy using wind turbines. The fourth option discusses energy derived from fossil fuels, which involves the combustion of materials such as coal, oil, and natural gas, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why geothermal energy is specifically focused on the heat generated internally by the Earth.